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Timaeus (dialogue)
''Timaeus'' (; , ) is one of Plato's dialogues, mostly in the form of a long monologue given by the titular character, written c. 360 BC. The work puts forward speculation on the nature of the physical world and human beings and is followed by the dialogue ''Critias''.
Participants in the dialogue include Socrates, Timaeus of Locri, Hermocrates, and Critias. Some scholars believe that it is not the Critias of the Thirty Tyrants who is appearing in this dialogue, but his grandfather, who is also named Critias.〔See Burnet, John (1914). ''Greek Philosophy, Part 1: Thales to Plato''. London: Macmillan, p. 328〕〔Taylor, AE (1928). ''A commentary on Plato's Timaeus''. Oxford: Clarendon, p. 23.〕〔Nails, Debra (2002). "Critias III," in ''The People of Plato''. Indianapolis: Hackett, pp. 106–7.〕 It has been suggested that ''Timaeus'' influenced a book about Pythagoras, written by Philolaus.
==Introduction==
The dialogue takes place the day after Socrates described his ideal state. In Plato's works such a discussion occurs in the Republic. Socrates feels that his description of the ideal state wasn't sufficient for the purposes of entertainment and that "I would be glad to hear some account of it engaging in transactions with other states" (19b).
Hermocrates wishes to oblige Socrates and mentions that Critias knows just the account (20b) to do so. Critias proceeds to tell the story of Solon's journey to Egypt where he hears the story of Atlantis, and how Athens used to be an ideal state that subsequently waged war against Atlantis (25a). Critias believes that he is getting ahead of himself, and mentions that Timaeus will tell part of the account from the origin of the universe to man. The history of Atlantis is postponed to ''Critias''. The main content of the dialogue, the exposition by Timaeus, follows.
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